References - Informal

 

1962

1. Holle, R.L., 1962: Summary of past summer's program as student trainee. 1961 Summer Student Trainee Report, U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C., 75-76.

1963

2. Holle, R.L., 1963: Another summer at Fort Wayne. 1962 Summer Student Trainee Report, U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C., 95-96.

1968

3. Holle, R.L., 1968: Frequency and height populations of convective radar echoes over south Florida during May. ESSA Technical Memorandum ERLTM-APCL 4, 27 pp.

1969

4. Holle, R.L., 1969: The effect on rainfall of cloud condensation nuclei from vegetation fires over south Florida during spring droughts. ESSA Technical Memorandum ERLTM-AOML 4, 52 pp.

1970

5. Simpson, J., R.L. Holle, V. Wiggert, and W.L. Woodley, 1970: Potential applications of tropical cumulus seeding. Proceedings, Symposium on Tropical Meteorology, June 2-11, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, D VII-1 to D VII-6.

1972

6. Holle, R.L., and S.A. MacKay, 1972: Tropical cloud cover seen by all-sky cameras on Barbados and adjacent Atlantic Ocean during two summers. NOAA Technical Memorandum OD-10, 47 pp.

7. Johnson, H. M., and R.L. Holle, 1972: Ship- and satellite-observed clouds and lee waves near the Bering Strait. Mariners Weather Log, 16, 143-148.

1974

8. Holle, R.L., and M.W. Maier, 1974: Development of a Florida tornado related to downdraft interaction. Preprints, Conference on Cloud Physics, October 21-24, Tucson, AZ, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 453-458.

1975

9. Holle, R.L., 1975: Proposed new code for state of the sky in the tropics. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 56, 55-58.

10. Sax, R.I., W.L. Woodley, and R.L. Holle, 1975: Flare test initiates NOAA's 1975 Florida Area Cumulus Experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 56, 1172-1174.

1976

11. Holle, R.L., and M.W. Maier, 1976: Cloud interaction and the formation of the 15 June 1973 tornado in the FACE mesonetwork. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL WMPO-33, 55 pp.

1977

12. Holle, R., J. Cunning, J. Thomas, P. Gannon, and L. Teijeiro, 1977: A case study of mesoscale convection and cloud merger over south Florida. Preprints, 11th Technical Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, December 13-16, Miami Beach, FL, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 428-435.

13. Holle, R.L., S.W. Leavitt, J. Simpson, R. Biondini, and J. W. Snow, 1977: Cloudiness from whole-sky pictures taken aboard 4 U.S. B-scale ships. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 2

93 pp. 14. Simpson, J., R.L. Holle, and R.W. Reeves, 1977: On the cloud structure in the GATE B-scale array. Preprints, 11th Technical Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, December 13-16, Miami Beach, FL, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 339-346.

15. Wiggert, V., and R.L. Holle, 1977: Supercooled cloud seeding in Illinois from soundings and radar. Preprints, 6th Conference on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification, October 10-13, Champaign-Urbana, IL, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 270-273.

1979

16. Cunning, J.B., R.I. Sax, R.L. Holle, and H. Poor, 1979: Morphology of seeded clouds as determined from triple-Doppler radar - a case study. Preprints, 7th Conference on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification, October 8-12, Banff, Alberta, Canada, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 142-143.

1980

17. Maier, M.W., and R.L. Holle, 1980: Cloud-ground lightning rate dependence on radar echo height. EOS, 61, 975.

18. Merceret, F.J., R.L. Holle, and J.B. Cunning, 1980: Classification of meteorological radar echoes according to their state of motion during FACE 1970 through 1978 - procedures and results. NOAA Technical Report ERL 411-NHEML 3, 9 pp.

19. Wiggert, V., R.I. Sax, and R.L. Holle, 1980: Convective cloud potential in Illinois compared with that for south Florida and deduced from soundings and cloud physics measurements. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL NHEML-8, 75 pp.

1981

20. Maier, M.W., and R.L. Holle, 1981: FACE-2 data reductions and analyses (prior to disclosure of the treatment decisions): Part VI. Cloud-to-ground lightning data for FACE-2. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL OWRM-10, 37 pp.

21. Watson, A.I., R.L. Holle, J.B. Cunning, P.T. Gannon, and D.O. Blanchard, 1981: Low-level convergence and the prediction of convective precipitation in south Florida. NOAA-ERL/University of Virginia/Illinois State Water Survey Technical Report 4, 228 pp.

1982

22. Holle, R.L., 1982: Yellowstone steam devils. Weatherwise, 35, 115-118.

23. Holle, R.L., and M.W. Maier, 1982: Radar echo height related to cloud-ground lightning in south Florida. Preprints, 12th Conference on Severe Local Storms, January 11-15, San Antonio, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 330-333.

24. Morris, J.H., and R.L. Holle, 1982: Radar echo populations in the proposed CDMP experimental area. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL OWRM-15, 21 pp.

25. Watson, A.I., and R.L. Holle, 1982: The relationship between low-level convergence and convective precipitation in Illinois and south Florida. NOAA-ERL/University of Virginia/Illinois State Water Survey Technical Report 7,

67 pp. 1983

26. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, and W.L. Hiscox, 1983: Relationships between lightning occurrences and radar echo characteristics in south Florida. Proceedings, International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, June 21-23, Fort Worth, TX, 14-1 to 14-9.

27. López, R.E., R.L. Holle, and W.L. Hiscox, 1983: Climatological characteristics of lightning over south Florida and their correlation with radar activity. Proceedings, International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, June 21-23, Fort Worth, TX, 15-1 to 15-16.

28. López, R.E., J. Thomas, D.O. Blanchard, and R.L. Holle, 1983: Estimation of rainfall over an extended region using only measurements of the area covered by radar echoes. Preprints, 21st Conference on Radar Meteorology, September 19-23, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 681-686.

29. Watson, A.I., R.L. Holle, and D.O. Blanchard, 1983: The relationship between total area divergence and convective precipitation in south Florida and Illinois. Preprints, 9th Conference on Aerospace and Aeronautical Meteorology, June 6-9, Omaha, NE, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 106-111.

1984

30. Diaz, H.F., R.L. Holle, and J.W. Thorn, 1984: Population-induced increases in susceptibility to precipitation and streamflow variability in Colorado River drainage states. Extended Abstracts, 9th Conference on Weather Modification, May 21-23, Park City, UT, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 47-48. 31.

Holle, R.L., 1984: Spherical cumulonimbus tower. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 65, 371-372.

32. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, W.L. Hiscox, and D. Rosenfeld, 1984: Cloud-ground lightning associated with radar returns in south Florida. Postprints, 15th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, January 9-13, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 479-484.

33. López, R.E., R.L. Holle, C.C. Balch, and W.L. Hiscox, 1984: The relationship between lightning over south Florida and different synoptic situations. Postprints, 15th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, January 9-13, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 485-492.

34. Watson, A.I., R.E. López, R.L. Holle, and J.R. Daugherty, 1984: Preliminary results of associating cloud-to-ground lightning with surface convergence and radar reflectivity at Kennedy Space Center in 1983. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ESG-7, 88 pp.

1985

35. Holle, R.L., A.I. Watson, J.R. Daugherty, and R.E. López, 1985: Cloud-to-ground lightning in the mesoscale convective system on May 20-21, 1979 during SESAME. Preprints, 14th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Indianapolis, IN, October 29-November 1, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 359-362.

36. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1985: Diurnal and spatial variability of lightning activity in central Florida during the summer. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ESG-13, 35 pp.

37. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1985: Diurnal and spatial variability of lightning activity in northeastern Colorado during the summer. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ESG-14, 38 pp.

38. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1985: Lightning activity in central Florida during the summer. Preprints, 16th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Houston, TX, May 14-17, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 90-91.

1986

39. Holle, R.L., A.I. Watson, R.E. López, and R. Ortiz, 1986: Short-term forecasting of lightning at Kennedy Space Center based on surface wind data. EOS, 67, 886.

40. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1986: Development of regional lightning patterns in central Florida under differing low-level flow regimes. EOS, 67, 886.

41. López, R.E., J.R. Daugherty, and R.L. Holle, 1986: Some relationships between radar echoes and lightning from mapping systems. Preprints, 23rd Conference on Radar Meteorology, September 22-26, Snowmass, CO, American Meteorological Society, Boston, J290-J293.

1987

42. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1987: The distribution of summertime lightning as a function of low-level wind flow in central Florida. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ESG-28, 43 pp.

43. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1987: The effect of complex terrain on the distribution of lightning flashes in northeastern Colorado. Preprints, 4th Conference on Mountain Meteorology, August 25-28, Seattle, WA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 245-251.

44. López, R.L., and R.L. Holle, 1987: A study of the interaction between the sea breeze and the synoptic flow using lightning data. Preprints, 17th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, April 7-10, Miami, FL, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 82-85.

45. Watson, A.I., R.E. López, R. Ortiz, and R.L. Holle, 1987: Short-term forecasting of lightning at Kennedy Space Center based on the surface wind field. Proceedings, Symposium on Mesoscale Analysis and Forecasting incorporating "Nowcasting," August 17-19, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, European Space Agency Paper ESA SP-282, Paris, France, 401-406.

1988

46. Holle, R.L., A.I. Watson, R.E. López, and D.R. MacGorman, 1988: Lightning in mesoscale convective complexes on 3-5 June 1985 in Oklahoma and Kansas. Proceedings, 1988 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, April 19-22, Oklahoma City, OK, 310-317.

47. Holle, R.L., A.I. Watson, R.E. López, and D.R. MacGorman, 1988: Lightning related to echo type in four MCC's on June 3-5 in the PRE-STORM area. Preprints, 15th Conference on Severe Local Storms, February 22-26, Baltimore, MD, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 501-504.

48. Holle, R.L., A.I. Watson, R.E. López, and R. Ortiz, 1988: Meteorological aspects of cloud-to-ground lightning in the Kennedy Space Center region. Preprint AIAA-88-0200, AIAA 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, January 11-14, Reno, NV, 12 pp.

49. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1988: Meteorological conditions associated with positive lightning flashes in northeastern Colorado. EOS, 69, 1076.

50. Watson, A.I., R.E. López, and R.L. Holle, 1988: Surface convergence techniques and the prediction of lightning at Kennedy Space Center. Addendum to the Proceedings, 1988 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, April 19-22, Oklahoma City, OK, 32-39.

51. Watson, A.I., R.E. López, J. Daugherty, R. Ortiz, and R.L. Holle, 1988: Lightning from central Florida thunderstorms composited with radar echoes and surface winds according to storm life cycle. EOS, 69, 1076.

1989

52. López, R.E., R.L. Holle, and A.I. Watson, 1989: Meteorological studies with cloud-to-ground lightning data: Samples of recent analyses. Preprints, 4th WMO Technical Conference on Instruments and Methods of Observations (TECIMO-IV), Brussels, Belgium, September 4-8, World Meteorological Society, Geneva, Switzerland, 275-280.

53. López, R. E., R.L. Holle, W.D. Otto, and R. Ortiz, 1989: Cloud-to-ground lightning in Colorado: Flashes of both polarities related to meteorological conditions, radar echoes, and severe weather. Proceedings, 1989 International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, September 26-28, Bath, England, 1A.2.1-1A.2.7.

54. López, R.E., W.D. Otto, J.R. Daugherty, and R.L. Holle, 1989: The relationship between radar and lightning characteristics of northeastern Colorado storm systems. Preprints, 24th Conference on Radar Meteorology, March 27-31, Tallahassee, FL, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 85-88.

55. Watson, A.I., R. L. Holle, R.E. López, R. Ortiz, and J.R. Daugherty, 1989: Use of the surface wind field as a predictor of thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning at Kennedy Space Center. Proceedings, 1989 International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, September 26-28, Bath, England, 9B.2.1-9B.2.7.

56. Watson, A.I., R.E. López, J.R. Daugherty, R. Ortiz, and R.L Holle, 1989: A composite study of Florida thunderstorms, using radar, cloud-to-ground lightning, and surface winds. Preprints, 24th Conference on Radar Meteorology, March 27-31, Tallahassee, FL, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 126-129.

57. Watson, A.I., R.E. López, R.L. Holle, J.R. Daugherty, and R. Ortiz, 1989: Short-term forecasting of thunderstorms at Kennedy Space Center, based on the surface wind field. Preprints, 3rd International Conference on the Aviation Weather System, January 30-February 3, Anaheim, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 222-227.

1990

58. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, and A.I. Watson, 1990: Cloud-to-ground lightning detection using direction-finder networks: Recent advances and applications. Bulletin of the World Meteorological Organization, 39, 177-180.

59. Holle, R.L., A.I. Watson, R. Ortiz, and R.E. López, 1990: Spatial patterns of lightning, radar echoes, and severe weather in mesoscale convective systems. Preprints, Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, October 22-26, Kananaskis Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 721-726.

60. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1990: Summertime lightning climatology along the Front Range of Northeastern Colorado. EOS, 70, 716.

61. López, R.E., W.D. Otto, R. Ortiz, and R.L. Holle, 1990: The lightning characteristics of convective cloud systems in northeastern Colorado. Preprints, Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, October 22-26, Kananaskis Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 727-731.

62. López, R.E., R. Ortiz, J.A. Augustine, W.D. Otto, and R.L. Holle, 1990: The progressive development of cloud-to-ground lightning in the early formative stages of a mesoscale convective complex. Preprints, 16th Conference on Severe Local Storms, October 22-26, Kananaskis Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 658-662.

63. Watson, A.I., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1990: Some preliminary views of lightning observed in the southwest monsoon during the 1990 SWAMP project. EOS, 71, 1237.

64. Watson, A.I., R.L. Holle, R.E. López, and J.R. Nicholson, 1990: A preliminary evaluation of short-term thunderstorm forecasting using surface winds at Kennedy Space Center. Preprints, 16th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 413-418.

1991

65. Caracena, F., R.L. Holle, and C.A. Doswell III, 1991: Microbursts: A Spotters' Guide. U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Research Laboratories, National Severe Storms Laboratory, Boulder Colorado, 1 pp. poster.

66. López, R.E., M.W. Maier, J.A. García-Miguel, and R.L. Holle, 1991: Weak positive cloud-to-ground flashes in northeastern Colorado. Proceedings, International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, April 16-19, Cocoa Beach, FL, 87-1 to 87-10.

67. López, R.E., R. Ortiz, W.D. Otto, and R.L. Holle, 1991: The lightning activity and precipitation yield of convective cloud systems in central Florida. Preprints, 25th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, June 24-28, Paris, France, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 907-910.

68. Watson, A.I., R.L. Holle, R.E. López, and J.R. Nicholson, 1991: Surface wind convergence as a short-term predictor of cloud-to-ground lightning at Kennedy Space Center: A four-year summary and evaluation. Proceedings, International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, April 16-19, Cocoa Beach, FL, 76-1 to 76-10.

1992

69. Holle, R.L., A.I. Watson, R.E. López, K.W. Howard, R. Ortiz, and L. Li 1992: Meteorological studies to improve short-term forecasting of lightning/thunderstorms within the Kennedy Space Center area. Final Report from National Severe Storms Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado to NASA, Washington, DC, 91 pp.

70. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, R. Ortiz, A.I. Watson, D.L. Smith, D.M. Decker, and C.H. Paxton, 1992: Cloud-to-ground lightning related to deaths, injuries, and property damage in central Florida. Proceedings, International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, October 6-8, Atlantic City, NJ, FAA Report No. DOT/FAA/CT-92/20, 66-1-66-11.

71. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1992: Las tormentas eléctricas: Un riesgo subestimado. First Iberoamerican Congress on Techniques Applied to the Emergency Management of Natural Disaster Reduction, December 1-4, Valencia, Spain, 19-28.

72. López, R.E. and R.L. Holle, 1992: Los sistemas de detección de descargas eléctricas: Una nueva herramienta para el estudio y observación de sistemas convectivos. Preprints, Encuentro METEO 92, I Congreso Iberoamericano de Meteorología y V Congreso Interamericano de Meteorología, October 1-9, Cáceres and Salamanca, Spain, Vol. 3, 113-117.

73. López, R.E., R.L. Holle, R. Ortiz, and A.I. Watson, 1992: Detection efficiency losses of networks of direction finders due to flash signal attenuation with range. Proceedings, International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, October 6-8, Atlantic City, FAA Report No. DOT/FAA/CT-92/20, NJ, 75-1-75-18.

74. Watson, A.I., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1992: Summer cloud-to-ground lightning patterns in the Southwest United States. EOS, 73, 114.

75. Watson, A.I., R.E. López, and R.L. Holle, 1992: Cloud-to-ground lightning and upper-air patterns during bursts and breaks in the southwest monsoon. Proceedings, Fourth Arizona Weather Symposium, June 10-12, Scottsdale, AZ, 54-60.

1993

76. Holle, R.L., and R.E. López, 1993: Overview of real-time lightning detection systems and their meteorological uses. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL NSSL-102, Norman, OK, 68 pp.

77. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, R. Ortiz, C.H. Paxton, D.M. Decker, and D.L. Smith, 1993: The local meteorological environment of lightning casualties in central Florida. Preprints, 17th Conference on Severe Local Storms and Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, October, St. Louis, MO, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 779-784.

78. López, R.E., R.L. Holle, T. Heitkamp, M. Boyson, M. Cherington, and K. Langford, 1993: The underreporting of lightning injuries and deaths. Preprints, 17th Conference on Severe Local Storms and Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, 4-8 October, St. Louis, MO, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 775-778.

79. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, and J. Allsopp, 1993: Flash to bang. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 10, 3-8.

80. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, and J. Allsopp, 1993: Flash to bang. National Weather Service Central Region Highlights, June 30, Kansas City, MO.

81. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, and J. Allsopp, 1993: Flash to bang. Spectrum, Illinois Science Teachers Association, 19, 21-26.

1994

82. Holle, R.L., and R.E. López, 1994: Overview of real-time lightning detection systems for use by meteorological services. Instruments and Observing Methods Report No. 51, World Meteorological Organization, WMO/TD-No. 570, Geneva, Switzerland, 71 pp.

83. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, and R.A. Maddox, 1994: Roberto Ortiz: Necrology. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 75, 1702.

84. Howard, K.W., and R.L. Holle, 1994: Lightning Danger! U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Research Laboratories, National Severe Storms Laboratory, 1 pp. poster.

85. López, R.E., R.L. Holle, and T.A. Heitkamp, 1994: Deaths, injuries, and property damage due to lightning in Colorado from 1950 to 1991 based on Storm Data. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL NSSL-103, Norman, OK, 45 pp.

86. Watson, A.I. and R.L. Holle, 1994: The relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and WSR-88D VIL and cloud-top information. Preprints, Symposium on the Global Electrical Circuit, Global Change, and the Meteorological Applications of Lightning Information, 23-28 January, Nashville, TN, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 325-331.

87. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, and J. Allsopp, 1994: Flash to bang. Reading 10, Project Earth Science: Meteorology, P.S. Smith and B.A. Ford, Editors, National Science Teachers Association, Arlington, VA, 210-219.

88. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, and J. Allsopp, 1994: Flash to bang=5 seconds per mile. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 19, 101-110.

1995

89. Allsopp, J., R.J. Vavrek, and R.L. Holle, 1995: Is it going to rain today? Understanding the weather forecast. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 12, 12-18.

90. Allsopp, J., R.J. Vavrek, and R.L. Holle, 1995: Is it going to rain today? Understanding the weather forecast. National Weather Service Central Region Highlights, October 31, Kansas City, MO.

91. Curran, E.B., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1995: Lightning casualty and damage climatology for the United States 1959-1990. Preprints, 9th Conference on Applied Climatology, 15-20 January, Dallas, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 289-294.

92. Holle, R.L., and A.I. Watson, 1995: Lightning in two winter weather events on the Southern Plains. Preprints, 14th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 15-20 January, Dallas, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, (J2) 7-12.

93. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, L.J. Arnold, and J. Endres, 1995: Insured property damage due to lightning in three western US states. Proceedings, 1995 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, September 26-28, Williamsburg, VA, U.S. Navy Report NAWCADPAX--95-306-PRO, 55-1-55-10.

94. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, L.J. Arnold, and J. Endres, 1995: Insured property damage losses from lightning. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, February 15-17, Tucson, AZ, LLP/GDS/ARSI, Tucson, 10 pp.

95. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, L.J. Arnold, and J. Endres, 1995: Insured property damage from lightning in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL NSSL-104, Norman, OK, 47 pp.

96. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, K.W. Howard, R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1995: Lightning hazard education. Preprints, 4th Symposium on Education, 15-20 January, Dallas, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 96-99.

97. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, K.W. Howard, R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1995: Lightning hazard education. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 12, 19-23.

98. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, K.W. Howard, R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1995: Lightning hazard education. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 20, 112-118.

99. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, K.W. Howard, R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1995: Lightning hazard education. Spectrum, Illinois Science Teachers Association, 21, 9-12.

100. Howard, K.W., and R.L. Holle, 1995: ¡Peligro de rayos! U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Research Laboratories, National Severe Storms Laboratory, 1 pp. poster.

101. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1995: Long-term changes in the number of lightning deaths and injuries. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, February 15-17, Tucson, AZ, LLP/GDS/ARSI, Tucson, 7 pp.

102. López, R.E., R.L. Holle, and R.M. Passi, 1995: Recent trends in the number of lightning deaths and injuries in the United States. Proceedings, International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, September 26-28, Williamsburg, Virginia, U.S. Navy Report NAWCADPAX--95-306-PRO, 45-1-45-10.

103. López, R.E., A.I. Watson, and R.L. Holle, 1995: The distribution of cloud-to-ground lightning across the Salt River Project region. Final Report from National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma to Salt River Project, Phoenix, AZ, 40 pp.

104. MacGorman, D., K. Hondl, and R. Holle, 1995: Research on operational applications of lightning strike data at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, February 15-17, Tucson, AZ, LLP/GDS/ARSI, Tucson, 7 pp.

105. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, J. Allsopp, J.M. Davies, and D.K. Hoadley, 1995: Supercells-Nature's most violent thunderstorms. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 12, 3-11.

106. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, J. Allsopp, J.M. Davies, and D.K. Hoadley, 1995: Supercells-Nature's most violent thunderstorms. National Weather Service Central Region Highlights, October 31, Kansas City, MO.

1996

107. Allsopp, J., R.J. Vavrek, and R.L. Holle, 1996: Is it going to rain today? Understanding the weather forecast. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 21, 69-81.

108. Graham, B.L., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1996: The national lightning detection network: Technology and data use. Preprints, 22nd Conference on Agricultural & Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire & Forest Meteorology, 28 January-2 February, Atlanta, GA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 253-256.

109. Holle, R.L., and A.I. Watson, 1996: Lightning during two January 1994 winter precipitation events in the south central United States. Postprints, 4th National Weather Service Winter Weather Workshop, September 19-22, 1995, Kansas City, MO, NWS Central Region, Scientific Services Division, 29-1 to 29-16.

110. Holle, R.L. A.I. Watson, and D. Purcell, 1996: A well-organized thunderstorm outflow in Florida. National Weather Digest, 21, 18-20.

111. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, K.W. Howard, R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1995: Proactive measures for the reduction of lightning deaths and injuries. Transactions, 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, October 10-12, Chicago, IL, 82-83.

112. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, K.W. Howard, K.L. Cummins. M.D. Malone, and E.P. Krider, 1996: Implications of an isolated wintertime flash in Connecticut causing damage and injury. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, November 6-8, Tucson, AZ, Global Atmospherics, Inc., Tucson, 5 pp.

113. Janish, P.R., C.A. Crisp, J.V. Cortinas, R.L. Holle, and R.H. Johns, 1996: Development of an ingredients based approach to forecasting hazardous winter weather in an operational environment. Preprints, 15th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, August 9-13, Norfolk, VA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 56-59.

114. MacGorman, D.R., R.L. Holle, K.D. Hondl, and M.T. Filiaggi, 1996: Cloud-to-ground flash rates relative to radar-inferred storm properties. Proceedings, 10th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, June 10-14, Osaka, Japan, International Commission of Atmospheric Electricity, The Society of Atmospheric Electricity of Japan, 361-363.

115. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, J. Allsopp, J.M. Davies, and D.K. Hoadley, 1996: Supercells -- Nature's most violent thunderstorms. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 21, 101-114.

116. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, J. Allsopp, J.M. Davies, and D.K. Hoadley, 1996: Supercells-Nature's most violent thunderstorms. Spectrum, Illinois Science Teachers Association, 22, 9-17.

117. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, and J. Allsopp, 1996: Time tells distance when you measure "flash to bang." Torch, US Air Force Air Education and Training Command, 3, 12-17.

1997

118. Allsopp, J., J. Vavrek, and R.L. Holle, 1997: Heat wave - The silent killer. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 14, 3-9.

119. Bennett, B.L., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1997: Lightning safety. 1997-98 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook, Ninth Edition, M. Benson, Editor, National Collegiate Athletic Association, Overland Park, Kansas, 12-14.

120. Curran, E.B., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1997: Lightning fatalities, injuries and damage reports in the United States from 1959-1994. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS SR-193, 64 pp.

121. Graham, B.L., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1997: Lightning detection and data use. Fire Management Notes, 57, 4-10.

122. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, L.J. Arnold, and J. Endres, 1997: Insured property damage due to lightning. Abstracts, URSI/IEEE International Scientific Meeting on Electromagnetics in Medicine 1997, November 3-5, Chicago, IL, 84.

123. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1997: Newspaper accounts of lightning from 1891 to 1895. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 14, 20-22.

124. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, L.J. Arnold, J. Endres, and E.P. Krider, 1997: Insured property damage due to lightning in the United States. Proceedings, Lightning and Mountains '97, June 1-5, Chamonix Mont-Blanc, France, 223-228.

125. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, L.J. Arnold, J. Endres, and E.P. Krider, 1997: Insured property damage due to lightning in the United States. National Weather Service Western Region Technical Attachment No. 97-20, June 17, 14 pp.

126. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1997: Long-term changes in lightning casualties. Abstracts, URSI/IEEE International Scientific Meeting on Electromagnetics in Medicine 1997, November 3-5, Chicago, IL, 83.

127. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1997: Long-term changes in lightning casualties in the United States. Proceedings, Lightning and Mountains '97, June 1-5, Chamonix Mont-Blanc, France, 219-222.

128. Trapp, R.J., A.V. Ryzhkov, R.L. Holle, and A.I. Watson, 1997: An Oklahoma winter precipitation event from the perspective of the Cimarron polarimetric radar. Preprints, 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology, September 7-12, Austin, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 65-66.

129. Vavrek, R.J., R.L. Holle, J. Davies, and J. Allsopp, 1997: The Chicago/Milwaukee heat wave of 1995. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 14, 10-14.

130. Vavrek, R.J., R.L. Holle, R.A. Maddox, and J. Allsopp, 1997: Great rains for the great plains. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 14, 15-19.

1998

131. Allsopp, J., R.J. Vavrek, and R.L. Holle, 1998: Heat waves: Silent killers. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 23, 102-113.

132. Bennett, B.L., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1998: Lightning safety. 1998-99 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook, 11th Edition, M.V. Earle, Editor, National Collegiate Athletic Association, Overland Park, Kansas, 12-14.

133. Cobb, S., D. Zaras, and R. Holle, 1998: NSSL scientists mentor students for the summer. NSSL Briefings, 2, No. 3, 4-5.

134. Holle, R.L., and J.V. Cortinas Jr., 1998: Thunderstorms observed at surface temperatures near and below freezing across North America. Preprints, 19th Conference on Severe Local Storms, September 14-18, Minneapolis, MN, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 705-708.

135. Holle, R.L., and J.V. Cortinas Jr., 1998: Winter lightning in North America. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, November 16-18, Tucson, AZ, Global Atmospherics, Inc., Tucson, 5 pp.

136. Holle, R.L., and R.E. López, 1998: Lightning - Impacts and safety. Bulletin of the World Meteorological Society, 47, 148-155.

137. Holle, R.L., and R.E. López, 1998: Minimizing the lightning risk on the water. South Atlantic Yacht Racing Association Newsletter, Spring, 1.

138. Holle, R.L., J.V. Cortinas Jr., and C.C. Robbins, 1998: Winter thunderstorms in the United States. Preprints, 16th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, January 11-16, Phoenix, AZ, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 298-300.

139. Holle, R., R. López, and S. Cobb, 1998: NSSL promotes improvements in lightning education. NSSL Briefings, 2, No. 2, 1-2.

140. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, and E.B. Curran, 1998: Deaths, injuries, and property damages from lightning by state in the United States. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, November 16-18, Tucson, AZ, Global Atmospherics, Inc., Tucson, 12 pp.

141. Holle, R.L., R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1998: Microbursts. The Earth Scientist, National Earth Science Teachers Association, 15, 3-8.

142. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, R.J. Vavrek, and K.W. Howard, 1998: Educating individuals about lightning. Preprints, 7th Symposium on Education, January 11-16, Phoenix, AZ, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 27-30.

143. Hopkins, E.J., R.L. Holle, and R.J. Vavrek, 1998: Resource listing for weather/Climate Instruction. Adapted for Powers of Nature exhibit at Franklin Institute. First version: 22 January 1998, 42 pp.

144. Howard, K.W., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1998: Lightning Danger! U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Research Laboratories, National Severe Storms Laboratory, 1 pp. poster [revision of 1994 poster].

145. Hunter, S.M., J. Underwood, R.L. Holle, and T.L. Mote, 1998: Winter lightning in the southeast U.S. and its relation to heavy frozen precipitation. Preprints, 19th Conference on Severe Local Storms, September 14-18, Minneapolis, MN, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 701-704.

146. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1998: Lightning casualties and changing lifestyles during the twentieth century. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, November 16-18, Tucson, AZ, Global Atmospherics, Inc., Tucson, 6 pp.

147. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1998: Separation between successive flashes in different storm systems. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference, November 16-18, Tucson, AZ, Global Atmospherics, Inc., Tucson, 9 pp.

148. Vavrek, R.J., R.L. Holle, J. Davies, and J. Allsopp, 1998: The Chicago/Milwaukee heat wave of 1995. Spectrum, Illinois Science Teachers Association, 24, 34-37.

149. Vavrek, R.J., R.L. Holle, J. Davies, and J. Allsopp, 1998: The 1995 heat wave in Chicago and Milwaukee. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 24, 50-58.

150. Vavrek, J., R.L. Holle, R.A. Maddox, J. Allsopp, 1998: Great rains on the great plains. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 23, 77-85.

1999

151. Cook, K.R., R.E. López, R.L. Holle, and D.A. Baumgardt, 1999: Lightning strike density patterns in the upper Mississippi river valley. Preprints, 17th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, September 13-17, Denver, CO, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 40-43.

152. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, and E.B. Curran, 1999: Demographics of U.S. lightning casualties and damages from 1959-1994. Preprints, 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, June 7-11, Guntersville, AL, 200-203.

153. Holle, R.L., R.E. López, and E.B. Curran, 1999: Distributions of lightning-caused casualties and damages since 1959 in the United States. Preprints, 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, January 10-15, Dallas, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 363-370.

154. Holle, R.L., R.J. Vavrek, and J. Allsopp, 1999: Microbursts and their effects. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 25, 36-46.

155. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1999: Climate related trends in the number of lightning deaths during the twentieth century. Preprints, 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, January 10-15, Dallas, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 371-378.

156. López, R.E., and R.L. Holle, 1999: The distance between successive lightning flashes. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL NSSL-105, Norman, OK, 29 pp.

157. Trapp, R.J., D.M. Schultz, A.V. Ryzhkov, and R.L. Holle, 1999: Diagnosis of a winter precipitation event using dual-doppler and dual-polarization radar data. Preprints, 8th Conference on Mesoscale Processes, June 28-July 1, Boulder, CO, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 170-175.

158. Vavrek, R.J., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1999: Updated lightning safety recommendations. The Hoosier Science Teacher, Hoosier Association of Science Teachers, 24, 110-115.

159. Vavrek, R.J., R.L. Holle, and R.E. López, 1999: Updated lightning safety recommendations. Preprints, 8th Symposium on Education, January 10-15, Dallas, TX, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 58-61.