The Central Alabama Tornadoes of 6 March 1996

Kevin J. Pence, John T. Bradshaw, and Mark W. Rose
National Weather Service Forecast Office, Birmingham, Alabama
National Weather Service
465 Weathervane Road
Alabaster, Alabama 35007-5079
205-664-3010
205-664-7821
kevin.pence@noaa.gov
Six tornadoes, two of which were deadly, formed over central Alabama during the pre-dawn hours of 6 March 1996. SPC had a slight risk for nocturnal severe thunderstorms over northwest Alabama and a large part of Mississippi, but severe weather was not anticipated over central Alabama until later in the day or evening on the 6th. Intense thunderstorms occurred over central Alabama between 08 and 12 UTC, as thunderstorms became better organized in the highly sheared, weakly unstable environment. Rain and thunderstorms over north Alabama created an apparent thermal boundary across central Alabama, and it was in the vicinity of this boundary the tornadic thunderstorms developed.

This study focuses on the mesoscale features and radar data pertaining to the 2 killer tornadoes, the Selma Tornado and the Montgomery Tornado. The first tornado was associated with a thunderstorm on the south end of a short squall line as it moved across northern Dallas County. This F3 tornado was on the ground for 19 miles. It hit the northwestern section of Selma, killing 4 people and injuring forty. The storm weakened as it moved northeastward into Autauga County, but another short squall line rapidly formed to the immediate south over Lowndes County. This MCS transformed into a classic bow echo and comma-shaped echo as it traversed Montgomery County. A strong mesocyclone on the southern tip of the comma head produced a series of 3 weak tornadoes and 1 strong tornado in the city of Montgomery. The last tornado, an F2, killed 2 people in Montgomery and injured seventeen, and was on the ground for 4 miles.

This case was an excellent example of where the synoptic-scale environment only set the stage for severe weather; the actual timing and location of the severe weather was determined by mesoscale features.