Surface mesoanalyses of the conditions leading to the 27 May 1997 central Texas tornado outbreak


Stephen Corfidi, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/SPC


A series of hourly mesoscale analyses detailing the evolution of surface features prior to and during the 27 May 1997 central Texas tornado outbreak will be presented. It will be shown that the initial thunderstorms formed near Waco along a nearly stationary northeast/southwestoriented dry line, at the time the feature was being overtaken by a slow moving cold front. The simultaneous approach of an undular bore-type internal gravity wave, traveling southwest across the region, also appeared to play a role in convective initiation. The wave was formed by an overnight MCS in Arkansas and moved nearly perpendicular to the merging boundaries over central Texas. Evidence will be presented to suggest that the gravity wave was influential in not only triggering the first storms, but also in modulating the development of new cells southwest of the initial activity. It will also be suggested that as the wave continued southwest and encountered a region where it was oriented more parallel to the boundaries over south Texas, thunderstorms simultaneously erupted along the remaining portion of the boundaries. Given the close proximity of adjacent convective cells in this region, and the presence of steep lapse rates and mid level dry air to support down draft development, this activity quickly evolved into a damaging bow echo, in contrast to the supercellular convection which prevailed farther north.