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The Electrical Nature of Storms

ERRATA

Updated February 5, 2002

Default format is  error => correction

Note:  In ranges throughout the book, only the digits beginning with the most significant digit that changes are shown in the second number of a range (e.g., 235-237 is given as 235-7, and 476-486 is given as 476-86).  This is Oxford's convention, not an error.

Tutorial: BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

• page 6, col. 1
  • Eqn. T.8, 3^rd equation:  r₁² => r₂²
  • Eqn. T.9, 3^rd equation:  r₁² => r₂²
• page 12, col. 1
  • Eqn. T.45:  2πr => 2πεr
• page 14, col. 2
  • line 7:  (m s^-1 V m^-1) => (m s^-1 [V m^-1]^-1
  • line 9:  V => V^-1
  • line 34:  insulted => insulated
  • line 37:  best => belt
• page 20, col. 1
  • Eqn. T.84, 2^nd term of 4^th line:   μ => μ₂

Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF THE ELECTRICAL NATURE OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

• page 28, col. 2
  • lines 5-6:  positive ions and electrons => positive ions
• page 33, col. 2
  • 4^th line from bottom:  n⁺ => n₊
• page 35, col.2:
  • Eqn. 1.23:  It is not stated in the book that, as in Eq. 1.11 from which Eq. 1.23 was derived, z is measured in kilometers.

Chapter 3: INTRODUCTION TO THE ELECTRICAL NATURE OF THUNDERSTORMS

• page 56, col. 1
  • Eqn. 3.4, last line, the second summation:  j not equal to 1 => j not equal to i
• page 62, col. 1
  • caption for Fig. 3.10:  Should have pointed out that the ion motion shown is motion relative to the falling drop, when motion produced by the electric field can be ignored

Chapter: 5 LIGHTNING

• page 88, col. 1
  • next to last line:  negative => positive
• page 88, col. 2
  • line 1:  positive => negative
  • lines 1-2:  The resulting positive streamer then => Thus, the positive leader
  • line 3:  streamer => leader
  • lines 3-4:  simultaneously => almost simultaneously
• page 89, col. 1
  • 6th line from bottom:  steamer => streamer
• page 95
  • Fig. 5.7:  B => H_B     corrected figure:
    
• page 95, col. 1
  • Eqn. 5.3:  There should be a minus sign between the first two terms within the brackets (the minus sign ran together with the second fraction).
• page 117, col. 1
  • line 1:  coi ident => coincident

Chapter 6: INSTRUMENTS

• page 123, col. 2
  • 27th line from bottom:  SPTVR => SPTVAR
• page 127, col. 1
  • last sentence of Radioactive probes section:
    he had to be recover => he had to recover
• page 128, caption for Fig. 6.9
  • line 3 of caption:  Winn Byerley => Winn and Byerley
• page 157, col. 2
  • line 7 of Section 6.10.5:  field charge => field change

Chapter 7: OBSERVATIONS OF THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THUNDERSTORMS, I. General Characteristics

• page 164, col. 2
  • >7^th line after eqn. 7.1:  pressure => density and pressure
  • 8^th line after eqn. 7.1:  bouyant => bouyancy
• page 165
  • Eqn. 7.3:  CAPE => 2 CAPE
  • Panels b and c of Fig. 7.1 are missing precipitation.  Corrected figure:
• page 166, col. 2
  • line 15 of Section 7.2:   Noble => Nobel
• page 181, col. 2
  • Eqn. 7.10:  delete left parenthesis
• page 198, caption for Fig. 7.36
  • lines 6-7 of caption:  Shading darkness indicates => The outer contour and inner shading indicate
• page 202, col. 1
  • lines 7-8:  light-ing => light-ning
• page 208, captions for Figs. 7.47 and 7.48
  • line 4 of each caption:  7.45 => 7.46
• page 216, col. 1
  • 10th line from bottom:  Pierce 1995b => Pierce 1955b
• page 220, col. 2
  • line 3 of Section 7.18.4:   lighting => lightning
• page 221, col. 2
  • line 3 from bottom:  5 - 25 min => 5 - 45 min
  • last line:  -10 deg C => 0 deg C
  • last line:  22 Florida storms => 23 Florida storms
• page 222, col. 1
  • lines 1 and 4:  -10 deg C => 0 deg C
  • line 3:  the 37 => 37
    (Note for errata:  this group of storms was independent of the first group Hondl and Eilts studied.)
• page 229, col. 1
  • line 5 of Section 7.19.3:   lighting => lightning
• page 232, col. 1
  • 1^st sentence of 2^nd paragraph (Although the relationship....) is not properly supported by the material in the paragraph.  The following replaces the first sentence:  Some scientists also have hypothesized that the mean peak current of ground flashes decreases with increasing flash rates.  (Peak current does not appear to be well correlated with the charge neutralized by a flash, so this hypothesis is distinct from the hypothesis concerning neutralized charge.)  However, such a relationship between mean peak current and flash rates is not generally true of ground flashes.

Chapter 8:  Chapter 8: OBSERVATIONS OF THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THUNDERSTORMS, II. Severe, Winter, and Tropical Storms and Storm Systems

• page 246, col. 2
  • line 26:  that it difficult => that it is difficult
• page 253, Fig. 8.19 caption
  • Error: Electric field from a numerical simulation of the Binger storm of 22 May 1981. Contours of electric field are labeled in kV m^-1. Note the more elevated region of high electric field in the vicinity of the updraft.
    
    Should read: "Charge density from a numerical simulation of the Binger storm of 22 May 1981. Contours of charge density are labeled in nC m^-3. Note the more elevated region of negative charge density in the vicinity of the updraft."
• page 260, Fig. 8.26
  • The figure is missing the bright band.
• page 262, Fig. 8.28 caption
  • line 5 of caption:  number particles => number of particles
  • line 7 of caption:  ratio determined => ratio is determined
• page 265, col. 1
  • lines 1-2 of second paragraph:  each the charge => each charge
• page 272, Fig. 8.40 caption
  • line 3:   dark = 2-3  =>  dark > 3
• page 286, col. 1
  • lines 25-31:  Sentence starting with "Because many soundings had... => They concluded that the non-inductive ice-ice mechanism probably did not account for the positive charge near the 0 deg C isotherm.  However, they noted that the ice-ice mechanism acting at temperatures colder than the reversal temperature might account for two layers of charge typically observed above this positive charge.
• page 291
  • Fig. 8.52:  Some x's with a -10 deg C isotherm near 1.8 km are missing from the plot.  Corrected figure:
    
  • Fig. 8.52 caption, lines 5-9
    
    Text starting with "The x's are for convective... => Symbols for convective clouds with echo tops colder than -20 deg C depict clouds that produced no lightning (open circles), a little lightning (closed triangles), and more lightning (x's).  For this part of the plot (regions b and c), convective clouds that produced an appreciable amount of lightning had a -10 deg C isotherm above or near 1.8 km; those that produced little or no lightning had a -10 deg C isotherm below or near 1.8 km.
• page 292, col. 1
  • 11^th line from bottom:  Coleman => Colman
• page 301, col. 2
  • line 28:  condition => conditions

Chapter 9: NUMERICAL MODELS OF THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION

• page 311, col. 2
  • lines 28-29:  Ziegler et al. (1991) used a two-dimensional, axisymmetric version of the model => Ziegler et al. (1991) expanded the kinematic model to three dimensions
  • lines 35-37:  Ziegler and MacGorman (1994) expanded the kinematic model to three dimensions to enable them to study => Ziegler and MacGorman (1994) used the three-dimensional model to study
• page 315, col. 2
  • first sentence:  meters => centimeters
  • first sentence:  m s^-1 => cm s^-1

Chapter 10: ELECTRICAL EFFECTS ON CLOUD MICROPHYSICS

• page 338, col. 1
  • line 10:  literature). => literature.)

APPENDIX A

• page 363, col. 1
  • last line:  jth size category => Nth water substance category

REFERENCES

• page 381, col. 1
  • page number for Marshall and Rust (1991):  2297 => 22,297
• page 382, col. 1
  • Richard et al. (1986):  lighting => lightning
• page 387, col. 1
  • Maier et al. 1995:  17th Conf. => 27th Conf.
• page 392, col. 2
  • 7th reference:  Coleman => Colman
• page 399, col. 2
  • Randell et al. (1994):  Randall => Randell

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