ࡱ>   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWRoot Entry`DEST@áPerfectOffice_MAIN&PerfectOffice_OBJECTS,``  Description: Thisscriptwillproduceacrosssectionof_Ԣfrontogenesis_.,potentialtemperatures, ` andwindbetweentwopoints(PT1andPT2).Thecrosssectionisfrom1000_mb_Ԁto200_mb_.Itissuggestedthatthecrosssectionrunsperpendiculartothefront(youcanuse _Ԣlook_sfc_ or <   _Ԣlook_upa_ tofindtheorientationofthefront). , | _ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_ԢFHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._ԢMDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_Ԣngm_Ԁand_Ԣruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters.PT1Thisistheleftendpointofthecrosssection.Justuseathreeletterstationidentifier.Asuggestionistoputthispointinthecoldair(behindthefront).PT2Thisistherightendpointofthecrosssection.Again,youcanjustenterathreeletterstationidentifier.Typically,thispointisinthewarmair(aheadofthefront). Examples: @  _WPC )į9b#D-&f+|o{VA0<1 ׌Ok΋1#8EV~YDq7<ֽ⚻AX-wF%t'\)g? 101&qKEC&XrZRR@2*by '1m}v.'cMxbZF<}J f7 ~/YCs+a`D8'+%.__7?':QwPy ~2yY)Tg!,sIK ^}T5 JAC+õ*RIl 4rJ1wyRʼn)0AzheȱZ3>nFp#0d[uh Z͒lmv,EvSU p'{KkS6lҖפ%txHOW5&BP k+fźr!5㌵ZG ի #!UN %  0(^ 7w@C4 mHP DeskJet 850C Series,(,,,,,(0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($2% deEfgEhiEjkElmET$:i+003|xmU !  ݛ_   XXInstructionsforusing_SlantwiseConvection_Ԁscripts   X;X  Ihavedeveloped11scriptsthatcanbeusedon__theSACtohelppredictthepossibilityof ( slantwiseconvectionwhichcanresultinaheavyband(s)ofprecipitation.__IwrotedthreedpapersinGrandForksfromthewinterof199798inwhichtherewas__Ԁbandedprecipitationduetojust_Ԣfrontogenesis_Ԁoracombinationof_Ԣfrontogenesis_Ԁandmoistsymmetricinstability.Inthesecases,thesescriptswereemployedtohelpidentifytheprobabilityofbandedprecipitation.Asalways,whenusingmodeldata,thelocationofthefeaturescouldbewrongandstillresultinapoorforecastor baddatainbaddataout.Withslantwiseconvection,thesameingredientsarenecessaryasinuprightconvection.Youneedlift,moistureandinstability.Ifanyofthesethreearemissing,youcanstillgetbandedprecipitation(usuallydueto_Ԣfrontogenesis_)butitwillnotbeslantwiseconvection.ThescriptsIhavewrittenaremadetohelpyouexaminewhetherallthreeingredientsareavailable.Theywillalsoallowyoutoexaminealltheingredientsinbothcrosssectionsandonhorizontalmaps.PleaseseeapaperIwrote__ԀfromJanuary2,1998forabetterdiscussionofthesciencebehindforecastslantwiseconvectionandwhattoelookfor.efexamine.Ifyouhaveanyqufgftefghestionsaboutthesescriptsorslantwiseconvection,plhihahijeasejkjgivejklfeelfreetoseeme.lThedescriptionofthescriptswillbeasfollows:Thenameofthescripts,whatyouneedtotypetorunthescript(withexample),abriefdescriptionofwhatthescriptshowsandwhatyouwanttobelookingfor.Asthescriptsprogress,theybecomemoredetailed. Torunanyscripts:   \ 1.)Bringupanyterminalwindow.2.)Typeinthescriptnamesandanyparametersnecessary.Example: _Ԣlook_upa_Ԁ98071512f24eta850  ! Note:Forhelp,youcanjusttypethescriptnameandalistingoftheparametersnecessarywillprintoutonthescreen.Aftertypingthescriptname,_ԢGEMPAK_ԀwillrunandanXwindowwillappearandthemapwith 4&!$ thediagnosticwillappear.  'p"% 4.)Nowclickontheterminalwindow(tomakeitactive).Ifyouwanttoexamineanotherparameter(ortime),typeinthenameofthenewscriptandparameters.Anewmapwillappear )4%( ontheXwindowscreen. * &) 5.)Youcancontinuerunningscriptsuntilfinished.Whendone,type _Ԣgpend_.  ,'+ m -(, mTheXwindowwiththemapwilldisappear.  -(, Ї1._Ԣlook_sfc_ _Ԣlook_sfc_Ԁ_ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁ_ԢFHR_Ԁ_ԢMDL_   Description: Thisscriptwilllookatamapofthemeansealevelpressureandtemperatureevery ` 2degrees.ThemapiscenteredonNorthDakota.TheEta,_ԢRUC_,and_ԢAVN_Ԁallusethe2mtemperatures,the_ԢNGM_ԀusestheBL(.9823sigmasurface)temperature._ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_ԢFHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._ԢMDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_Ԣngm_Ԁand_Ԣruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters. Examples:  t _Ԣlook_sfc_Ԁ98071512f48etaThiswillplotthe48hourforecastfromthe1200_ԢUTC_Ԁ15July1998Etamodel._Ԣlook_sfc_Ԁ99010215f09_Ԣruc_Thiswillplotthe9hourforecastfrom1500_ԢUTC_Ԁ2January1999_ԢRUC_Ԁmodel. Descriptionofparameters : 8  Meansealevelpressure 󀄀Thick,solidwhitelines,every2_mb_Ԁcenteredon1000_mb_.   Temperature 󀄀<32$Fdashedbluelines,every4$Fcenteredon0$F     ` 32$F80$F,dashedredlines,every4$Fcenteredon40$F     ` >80$F,solidredlines,every4$F,centeredon80$F |  P-(, Ї 2._Ԣlook_upa_   _Ԣlook_upa_Ԁ_ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁ_ԢFHR_Ԁ_ԢMDL_Ԁ_ԢLVL_ Description: Thisscriptwillallowtoexaminetheheights,temperatureandwindatanylevel ` selected.The_ԢRUC_,_ԢNGM_,Eta,and_ԢAVN_Ԁareallavailablealthoughthe_ԢAVN_Ԁonlyhasmandatoryleveldata.Allothermodelsareevery50_mb_Ԁupto100_mb_._ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_ԢFHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._ԢMDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_Ԣngm_Ԁand_Ԣruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters._ԢLVL_Ԁthisisthelevelofthemodelyouwanttolookat.Asnotedaboveonlymandatoryleveldataisavailableinthe_ԢAVN_Ԁandevery50_mb_Ԁinthe_ԢNGM_,Etaand_ԢRUC_. Examples: 8  _Ԣlook_upa_Ԁ97062400F30_Ԣngm_Ԁ850 ` Thiswillexaminethe850_mb_Ԁlevelfromthe30hforecastofthe0000_ԢUTC_Ԁ24June1997_ԢNGM_model._Ԣlook_upa_Ԁ98102812F42eta800Thiswillexaminethe800_mb_Ԁlevelfromthe42hforecastofthe1200_ԢUTC_Ԁ28October1998Etamodel. Descriptionofparameters: H! Height 󀄀Thick,solidwhitelines,every30mcentered0m.  #p!  Temperature 󀄀<0$C,dashedbluelines,every2$C $L #    ` >0$C,dashedredlines,every2$C %100unitsRed Potentialtemperature solidredlines,every4$Kcenteredon300$K d,'+  Windbarbs tanbarbsusingstandardconvention T-(,  4._Ԣlook_epvxs_   _Ԣlook_epvxs_Ԁ_ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁ_ԢFHR_Ԁ_ԢMDL_ԀPT1PT2   Description: Thisscriptwillproduceacrosssectionofequivalentpotential_vorticity_,equivalent ` potentialtemperature,andwindbetweentwopoints(PT1andPT2).Thecrosssectionisfrom1000_mb_Ԁto200_mb_.Itissuggestedthatthecrosssectionrunsperpendiculartothefront(youcanuse _Ԣlook_sfc_ or _Ԣlook_upa_ tofindtheorientationofthefront). ( x _ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_ԢFHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._ԢMDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_Ԣngm_Ԁand_Ԣruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters.PT1Thisistheleftendpointofthecrosssection.Justuseathreeletterstationidentifier.Asuggestionistoputthispointinthecoldair(behindthefront).PT2Thisistherightendpointofthecrosssection.Again,youcanjustenterathreeletterstationidentifier.Typically,thispointisinthewarmair(aheadofthefront). Examples: <  _Ԣlook_epvxs_Ԁ98091503f09_Ԣruc_Ԁ_Ԣgfk_Ԁ_Ԣdbq_  ThiswillproduceacrosssectionfromGrandForkstoDubuqueusingthe9hforecastfromthe0300_ԢUTC_Ԁ15September1998_ԢRUC_Ԁmodel._Ԣlook_epv_Ԁ98072612f24eta_Ԣybr_ԀhonThiswillproduceacrosssectionfromBrandontoHuronusingthe24hforecastfromthe1200_ԢUTC_Ԁ26July1998Etamodel. Descriptionoftheparameters: $L # Equivalentpotential_vorticity_ 󀄀Usescolorfill,unitsare_ԢPVU_ &$"%    ` 0.25to0Darkblue   ` 0to0.50Green   ` 0.50to1.0Lt.Green   ` <1.0Gold Equivalentpotentialtemperature dashedredlines,every4$Kcenteredon300$K t+&*  Windbarbs tanbarbsusingstandardconvention. P-(,  5._Ԣlook_fgrhxs_   _Ԣlook_fgrhxs_Ԁ_ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁ_ԢFHR_Ԁ_ԢMDL_ԀPT1PT2   Description: Thisscriptwillcreateacrosssectionof_Ԣfrontogenesis_,relativehumidityandwind ` fromPT1toPT2.Thecrosssectionisfrom1000_mb_Ԁto200_mb_.Itissuggestedthatthecrosssectionrunsperpendiculartothefront(youcanuse _Ԣlook_sfc_ or _Ԣlook_upa_ tofindtheorientation <  ofthefront)._ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_ԢFHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._ԢMDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_Ԣngm_Ԁand_Ԣruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters.PT1Thisistheleftendpointofthecrosssection.Justuseathreeletterstationidentifier.Asuggestionistoputthispointinthecoldair(behindthefront).PT2Thisistherightendpointofthecrosssection.Again,youcanjustenterathreeletterstationidentifier.Typically,thispointisinthewarmair(aheadofthefront). Examples: <  _Ԣlook_fgrhxs_Ԁ99040112f00eta_Ԣgfk_Ԁ_Ԣstl_ ( ThiswillcreateacrosssectionfromGrandForkstoSt.Louisusingthe00hforecastofthe1200_ԢUTC_Ԁ1April1999Etarun._Ԣlook_fgrhxs_Ԁ99022900f09_Ԣruc_Ԁmot_Ԣddc_ThiswillcreateacrosssectionfromMinottoDodgeCityusingthe09hforecastofthe0000_ԢUTC_Ԁ29February1999_ԢRUC_Ԁrun. Descriptionofparameters: $`" Relativehumidity 󀄀5070percentsolid,darkbluelineevery10percent %8!$    ` Colorfillusedforgreaterthan70%̀0  0` (#(#7080%darkgreen'#&` (#` (#    ` 8090%green   ` 90100%lightgreen _ԢFrontogenesis_Ԁ Thick,solidwhitelines.Unitsare$C(100km)1(3h)1.Contouredare2,5,10, *%)    ` 15,25,35,50,75,100. Wind Tanbarbsusingstandardconvention. d,'+  T-(,  6._Ԣlook_epvft_   _Ԣlook_epvft_Ԁ_ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁ_ԢFHR_Ԁ_ԢMDL_ԀPT1PT2   Description: Thisscriptwillcreateacrosssectionwithequivalentpotential_vorticity_,relative ` humidity,_Ԣfrontogenesis_,andequivalentpotentialtemperaturefromPT1toPT2.Thecrosssectionisfrom1000_mb_Ԁto200_mb_.Itissuggestedthatthecrosssectionbetakenperpendiculartothefront(youcanuse _Ԣlook_sfc_ or look_Ԣupa_ tofindtheorientationofthefront.) ( x _ԢYYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_ԢFHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._ԢMDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_Ԣngm_Ԁand_Ԣruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters.PT1Thisistheleftendpointofthecrosssection.Justuseathreeletterstationidentifier.Asuggestionistoputthispointinthecoldair(behindthefront).PT2Thisistherightendpointofthecrosssection.Again,youcanjustenterathreeletterstationidentifier.Typically,thispointisinthewarmair(aheadofthefront). Examples: <  _Ԣlook_epvft_Ԁ98073012f18_Ԣngm_Ԁ_Ԣywg_Ԁ_Ԣmsp_  ThiswillproduceacrosssectionfromWinnipegtoMinneapolisusingthe18hforecastfromthe1200_ԢUTC_Ԁ30July1998_ԢNGM_Ԁmodelrun._Ԣlook_epvft_Ԁ99020303f03_Ԣruc_Ԁ_Ԣjms_Ԁ_Ԣdlh_ThiswillproduceacrosssectionfromJamestowntoDuluthusingthe03hforecastfromthe0300_ԢUTC_Ԁ3February1999_ԢRUC_Ԁmodelrun.  H-(, Descriptionofparameters:Equivalentpotential_vorticity_Ԁ Usescolorfill,unitsarein_ԢPVU_     ` 0to0.25Darkblue   ` 0.25to0.50DarkGreen   ` 0.50to1.0Green   ` <1.00 Gold<  (# (#  Equivalentpotentialtemperature Dashedred,every4$Kcenteredon300$K  d  _ԢFrontogenesis_Ԁ Solid,thickwhitelines.Unitsare$C(100km)1(3h)1.Contouredare2,5,10,  @     ` 15,25,35,50,75,100. Relativehumidity Thick,lightbluelines.Unitsareinpercent.Contouredevery10percent   Ѐ0  0` (#(#between60and90. ` (#` (#  P-(, М 7._look_frnt_   _look_frnt_Ԁ_YYMMDDHH_Ԁ_FHR_Ԁ_MDL_Ԁ_LVL_   Description: ThisscriptwillcreatemapcenteredonNorthDakotaandwillplot_frontogenesis_, ` potentialtemperatureandwindbarbs. Youcanuse _look_fgrhxs_ toexaminewherethehigher P  relativehumiditywithrelationtothefront.The_RUC_,_NGM_,Eta,and_AVN_Ԁareallavailablealthoughthe_AVN_Ԁonlyhasmandatoryleveldata.Allothermodelsareevery50_mb_Ԁupto100_mb_.   h  _YYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine.  @  _FHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._MDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_ngm_Ԁand_ruc_.Themodelnamesmustbeinsmallletters._LVL_Ԁthisisthelevelofthemodelyouwanttolookat.Asnotedaboveonlymandatoryleveldataisavailableinthe_AVN_Ԁandevery50_mb_Ԁinthe_NGM_,Etaand_RUC_.̀  (x Examples: _look_frnt_Ԁ98080312f12eta950 @ Thiswillproducea950_mb_Ԁmapof_frontogenesis_,potentialtemperatureandwindfromthe12hforecastofthe1200_UTC_Ԁ3August1998Etamodel._look_frnt_Ԁ98030603f09_ruc_Ԁ900Thiswillproducea900_mb_Ԁmapof_frontogenesis_,potentialtemperatureandwindfromthe09hforecastofthe0900_UTC_Ԁ3August1998Etamodel. Descriptionofparameters: (#x! _Frontogenesis_ 󀄀Usescolorfill,unitsare$C(100km)1(3h)1 %P #    ` 210unitsDarkblue   ` 1025unitsGreen   ` 2550unitsLt.Green   ` 50100unitsGold   ` >100unitsRed PotentialTemperature Dashedredcontoursevery4$Kcenteredon300$K. x+&*  Windbarbs 󀄀Tanbarbs,usesstandardconvention.  T-(, 8._look_fgrh_ _look_fgrh_Ԁ_YYMMDDHH_Ԁ_FHR_Ԁ_MDL_Ԁ_LVL_   Description: ThisscriptproducesamapcenteredonNorthDakotawhichwillshow ` _frontogenesis_Ԁandrelativehumidityfromaspecifiedpressuresurface. Sincetherelativehumidity P  iscalculatedatthesamelevelasthe_frontogenesis_,itmayappearlowwherethe_frontogenesis_Ԁismaximized.However,therelativehumiditymaybehigherabovethatlevel.Youcanuse _look_fgrhxs_ toexaminewherethehigherrelativehumiditywithrelationtothefront.The_RUC_,  h _NGM_,Eta,and_AVN_Ԁareallavailablealthoughthe_AVN_Ԁonlyhasmandatoryleveldata.Allothermodelsareevery50_mb_Ԁupto100_mb_._YYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_FHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._MDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_ngm_Ԁand_ruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters._LVL_Ԁthisisthelevelofthemodelyouwanttolookat.Asnotedaboveonlymandatoryleveldataisavailableinthe_AVN_Ԁandevery50_mb_Ԁinthe_NGM_,Eta,and_RUC_.   x   h  Examples  @ _look_fgrh_Ԁ99032612f30_ngm_Ԁ800Thiswillexamine_frontogenesis_Ԁandrelativehumidityat800_mb_Ԁusingthe30hforecastfromthe1200_UTC_Ԁ26March1999_NGM_._look_fgrh_Ԁ98102900f12_ruc_Ԁ900Thiswillexamine_frontogenesis_Ԁandrelativehumidityat900_mb_Ԁusingthe12hforecastfromthe0000_UTC_Ԁ29October1998_RUC_. Descriptionofparameters:  %P #  Relativehumidity From5070percent,darkbluelines %90percentLightgreen _Frontogenesis_Ԁ Thick,solidyellowlines.Unitsare$C(100km)1(3h)1.Contouredare2,5, *%)    ` 10,15,25,35,50,75,100. Wind Tanbarbsusingstandardconvention. h,'+  X-(,  9._look_epvrh_   _look_epvrh_Ԁ_YYMMDDHH_Ԁ_FHR_Ԁ_MDL_ԀTOPBOTTOM_FLVL_   Description: Thisscriptwillexamineequivalentpotential_vorticity_,equivalentpotential ` temperaturedifference,andrelativehumidityforalayerand_frontogenesis_Ԁatanotherlevel.Itisrecommendedyouexaminethe_frontogenesis_Ԁand_EPV_Ԁcrosssectionsinordertoselecttheappropriatelevels( _look_epvxs_,_look_frntxs_,_look_fgrhxs_,_look_epvft_ ).Layerscanbeany ( x thicknessbutitisrecommendedtouse50or100_mb_Ԁthicklayersforthebestrepresentationof_EPV_.The_RUC_,_NGM_,Eta,and_AVN_Ԁareallavailablealthoughthe_AVN_Ԁonlyhasmandatoryleveldata.Allothermodelsareevery50_mb_Ԁupto100_mb_._YYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_FHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._MDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_ngm_Ԁand_ruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters.TOPthetopofthelayertocalculate_EPV_,thetaEdifferenceandlayeraveragerelativehumidity.Asnotedaboveonlymandatoryleveldataisavailableinthe_AVN_Ԁandevery50_mb_Ԁinthe_NGM_,Eta,and_RUC_.BOTTOMthebottomofthelayertocalculate_EPV_,thetaEdifferenceandlayeraveragerelativehumidity._FLVL_Ԁthelevelatwhichtocalculate_frontogenesis_. Examples t  _look_epvrh_Ԁ98040212f12eta700750850 L! Thisscriptwillcalculate_EPV_,equivalentpotentialtemperaturedifferenceandrelativehumidityinthe700to750_mb_Ԁlayer.Itwillalsocalculatethe_frontogenesis_Ԁat850_mb_.Allparameterswillusethe12hforecastofthe1200_UTC_Ԁ2April1998Etamodel._look_epvrh_Ԁ98111012f18_ngm_Ԁ600650900Thiswillcalculate_EPV_,equivalentpotentialtemperaturedifferenceandrelativehumidityinthe600to650_mb_Ԁlayer.Itwillalsocalculate_frontogenesis_Ԁat900_mb_.Allparameterswillusethe18hforecastofthe1200_UTC_Ԁ10November1998_NGM_Ԁmodel.  H-(, Descriptionofparameters:    Equivalentpotential_vorticity_ 󀄀Usescolorfill,unitsare_PVU_    0to0.25Purple  0.25to0.50Darkblue  0.50to1.0Darkgreen  <1.00 ` Gold< ` (#` (#  Layeraveragerelativehumidity Thick,solidlightbluelines.  d   Contoursareevery10percentbetween60and90percent. Equivalentpotentialtemperaturedifference Thick,dashedblacklines.Unitsare ,  0  Contouredare0$K(indicatingneutralpotentialinstability)and1$K(indicatingpotential   instability). (#(#  _Frontogenesis_Ԁ Whitedottedlines.Unitsare$C(100km)1(3h)1.     Contouredare2,5,10,15,25,35,50,75,100 P-(, Ї 10._look_pvft_   _look_pvft_Ԁ_YYMMDDHH_Ԁ_FHR_Ԁ_MDL_Ԁ_FLVL_Ԁ_PVLVL_   Description: ThisscriptwillcreateamapcenteredonNorthDakotaofthe_frontogenesis_Ԁata ` specifiedlevelandpotential_vorticity_Ԁandpotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectionatmidorupperlevels.Itisrecommendedyouexaminethe_frontogenesis_Ԁfromaanotherscript( _look_frntxs_,_look_fgrhxs_) <   todeterminethebestleveltoexamine_frontogenesis_.The_RUC_,_NGM_,Eta,and_AVN_Ԁareall , | availablealthoughthe_AVN_Ԁonlyhasmandatoryleveldata.Allothermodelsareevery50_mb_Ԁupto100_mb_._YYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_FHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._MDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_ngm_Ԁand_ruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters._FLVL_Ԁthelevelatwhichtocalculatethe_frontogenesis__PVLVL_Ԁthelayeratwhichthepotential_vorticity_Ԁandpotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectionwillbecalculated.Thechoicesaremid(the350to450_mb_Ԁlayer)orhigh(the250to350_mb_Ԁlayer).Mustusesmallletters. Examples:   _look_pvft_Ԁ98040512f24_ngm_Ԁ850midThiswillcalculatethe850_mb_Ԁ_frontogenesis_,potential_vorticity_Ԁandpotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectioninthe350to450_mb_Ԁlayer._look_pvft_Ԁ98020112f18eta900highThiswillcalculatethe900_mb_Ԁ_frontogenesis_,potential_vorticity_Ԁandpotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectioninthe250to350_mb_Ԁlayer.  H-(, ЇDescriptionofparameters:Potential_vorticity_Ԁ Usescolorfill,unitsare_PVU_.    <0.5_PVU_ԀNocolorfill  0.51.0_PVU_ԀDarkblue  1.01.5_PVU_ԀGreen  1.52.0_PVU_ԀLt.Green  2.04.0_PVU_ԀGold  >4.0_PVU_ԀMaroon Advectionofpotential_vorticity_Ԁ Thinredline(solidispositiveadvection,dashedisnegative  <  advection).Contoursevery2x105_PVU_Ԁs1centeredon1x105_PVU_Ԁs1. ,   Equivalentpotentialtemperaturedifference Thick,dashedblacklines.Unitsare   0  Contouredare0$K(indicatingneutralpotentialinstability)and1$K(indicatingpotential   instability). (#(#  _Frontogenesis_ Thickwhitelines.Unitsare$C(100km)1(3h)1. h   Contouredare2,5,10,15,25,35,50,75,100. P-(, Ї 11._look_epvpv_   _look_epvpv_Ԁ_YYMMDDHH_Ԁ_FHR_Ԁ_MDL_ԀTOPBOTTOM_FLVL_Ԁ_PVPVL_ Description 󀄀ThisscriptwillproduceamapcenteredonNorthDakotashowing_EPV_Ԁand ` equivalentpotentialtemperaturedifferenceinalayerdefinedbyTOPandBOTTOM,_frontogenesis_Ԁattheleveldefinedas_FLVL_Ԁandpotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectionatthemidorhighlevel.Layerscanbeanythicknessbutitisrecommendedtouse50or100_mb_Ԁthicklayersforthebestrepresentationof_EPV_.The_RUC_,_NGM_,Eta,and_AVN_Ԁareallavailablealthoughthe_AVN_onlyhasmandatoryleveldata.Allothermodelsareevery50_mb_Ԁupto100_mb_._YYMMDDHH_Ԁthisistheyear,month,dayandhourofthemodelyouwanttoexamine_FHR_Ԁthisistheforecasthourfromthemodelyouwanttolookat.YoumusthaveanFbeforethehour(i.e.F00orF72)(itcanbesmallorcapitalized)._MDL_Ԁthisisthemodelthatyouwanttoexamine.Therearecurrentlyfourchoicesavn,eta,_ngm_Ԁand_ruc_.Themodelsmustbeinsmallletters.TOPthetopofthelayertocalculate_EPV_,thetaEdifferenceandlayeraveragerelativehumidity.Asnotedaboveonlymandatoryleveldataisavailableinthe_AVN_Ԁandevery50_mb_Ԁinthe_NGM_,Eta,and_RUC_.BOTTOMthebottomofthelayertocalculate_EPV_,thetaEdifferenceandlayeraveragerelativehumidity._FLVL_Ԁthelevelatwhichtocalculate_frontogenesis_._PVLVL_Ԁthelayeratwhichthepotential_vorticity_Ԁandpotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectionwillbecalculated.Thechoicesaremid(the350to450_mb_Ԁlayer)orhigh(the250to350_mb_Ԁlayer).Mustusesmallletters. Examples: 4"   _look_epvpv_Ԁ98012312f18eta650700900mid  $\" Thiswillcalculatetheequivalentpotentialtemperaturedifferenceand_EPV_Ԁinthe650to700_mb_layer,the900_mb_Ԁ_frontogenesis_Ԁandthepotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectioninthe450to350_mb_Ԁlayer._look_epvpv_Ԁ98041509f03_ruc_Ԁ750800950highThiswillcalculatetheequivalentpotentialtemperaturedifferenceand_EPV_Ԁinthe650to700_mb_layer,950_mb_Ԁ_frontogenesis_Ԁandthepotential_vorticity_Ԁadvectioninthe250to350_mb_Ԁlayer. D-(,  Descriptionofparameters:    Equivalentpotential_vorticity_ 󀄀Usescolorfill,unitsare_PVU_    0to0.25Purple  0.25to0.50Darkblue  0.50to1.0Darkgreen  <1.00 ` Green< ` (#` (#  Advectionofpotential_vorticity_Ԁ Solidthinredline,onlyvaluesgreaterthan0areshown.  d Ѐ0  Contoursevery2x105_PVU_Ԁs1centeredon1x105_PVU_Ԁs1. T (#(#  _Frontogenesis_ Dottedwhitelines.Unitsare$C(100km)1(3h)1. ,    Contouredare2,5,10,15,25,35,50,75,100.